nmap 사용법

서비스를 하다보면 해당 서비스가 잘 가동되고 있는지 확인할 필요가 있다.

프로세스를 가동여부를 확인할 수도 있지만,

port scan을 하면 실제로 응답여부를 확인할 수 있기 때문에 

해당 방법이 더 유용할 수도 있다.

 

물론... localhost가 아닌 타 서버로 port scan 하면 공격으로 오인받을 수 있으니

가급적 localhost에만 돌리도록 하자.

 

localhost에서 돌리고 파일로 내린 뒤 취합서버에서 취합하는 걸 추천한다.

 

개인적으로는 다음과 같이 자주 사용한다.

 

# nmap -sT -O -v localhost

 

nmap 매뉴얼 페이지에 상세 내용이 있으니 읽어보는걸 추천한다.

Name

nmap — Network exploration tool and security / port scanner

Synopsis

nmap [ <Scan Type> ...] [ <Options> ] { <target specification> }

 

Nmap 7.92SVN ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
  -iL : Input from list of hosts/networks
  -iR : Choose random targets
  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
  --excludefile : Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
  -sU: UDP Scan
  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
  --scanflags : Customize TCP scan flags
  -sI : Idle scan
  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
  -sO: IP protocol scan
  -b : FTP bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
  -p : Only scan specified ports
    Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
  --exclude-ports : Exclude the specified ports from scanning
  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan
  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
  --top-ports : Scan  most common ports
  --port-ratio : Scan ports more common than 
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
  --version-intensity : Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
  -sC: equivalent to --script=default
  --script=:  is a comma separated list of
           directories, script-files or script-categories
  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
  --script-help=: Show help about scripts.
            is a comma-separated list of script-files or
           script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
  -O: Enable OS detection
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
  Options which take  are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup : Parallel host scan group sizes
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism : Probe parallelization
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout : Specifies
      probe round trip time.
  --max-retries : Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
  --host-timeout : Give up on target after this long
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay : Adjust delay between probes
  --min-rate : Send packets no slower than  per second
  --max-rate : Send packets no faster than  per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
  -f; --mtu : fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,me],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
  -S : Spoof source address
  -e : Use specified interface
  -g/--source-port : Use given port number
  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
  --data : Append a custom payload to sent packets
  --data-string : Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
  --data-length : Append random data to sent packets
  --ip-options : Send packets with specified ip options
  --ttl : Set IP time-to-live field
  --spoof-mac : Spoof your MAC address
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG : Output scan in normal, XML, s|: Output in the three major formats at once
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
  --resume : Resume an aborted scan
  --noninteractive: Disable runtime interactions via keyboard
  --stylesheet : XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
  --datadir : Specify custom Nmap data file location
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
  -V: Print version number
  -h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES</url1,[url2],...></decoy1,decoy2[,me],...></n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]></serv1[,serv2],...></host1[,host2][,host3],...>